{"id":85269,"date":"2024-03-15T09:28:09","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T14:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/?p=84516"},"modified":"2024-04-06T03:54:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T03:54:08","slug":"what-are-the-signs-of-ptsd-4-ways-to-tell","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/news\/what-are-the-signs-of-ptsd-4-ways-to-tell\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are the Signs of PTSD? 4 Ways to Tell"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Post-traumatic stress disorder (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-ptsd-5084527\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">PTSD<\/a>) occurs in some people after they&#8217;ve witnessed or experienced a tragic event. Signs of PTSD include\u00a0avoidance\u00a0of flashback-inducing triggers, intrusive\u00a0memories\u00a0that disrupt daily life or sleep patterns, unpredictable\u00a0mood swings\u00a0that seem to come out of nowhere, and\u00a0behavioral changes\u00a0such as engaging in reckless activities or having an exaggerated startle response.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-2\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">PTSD can happen to anyone who&#8217;s witnessed or experienced a traumatic event. Globally, about 70% of the world&#8217;s population is exposed to traumatic events in their lifetime, and 7% (1 in 10 people exposed to traumatic stress) will develop post-traumatic stress disorder.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-2\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-4\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">This article discusses four ways to tell if you or someone you know might have PTSD and when it&#8217;s vital to get emergency help.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-84517 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/pexels-pixabay-247314-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-7\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">Avoidance<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-8\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Avoidance is a core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder. The two types of avoidance associated with PTSD are:<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-5\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<ul id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-10\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">\n<li>Behavioral avoidance<\/li>\n<li>Emotional avoidance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-12\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\"><strong>Behavioral avoidance<\/strong>\u00a0involves physically avoiding people, places, sounds, or smells associated with a traumatic event. For example, a\u00a0<a class=\"pseudoStyle\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/history-of-ptsd-5410295\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">combat veteran<\/a>\u00a0who associates the smell of diesel fuel with seeing people die during active duty may avoid going to the local gas station.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-6\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-14\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\"><strong>Emotional avoidance<\/strong>\u00a0involves avoiding thoughts or feelings associated with a traumatic event. Onlookers may not notice that someone with PTSD is avoiding certain thoughts or memories; sometimes even the person who&#8217;s been through trauma such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/ptsd-from-emotional-abuse-5210626\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">emotional abuse<\/a>\u00a0may not realize they&#8217;re using avoidant coping strategies. For example, people who&#8217;ve experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sexual-trauma-effects-and-recovery-5235304\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"2\">sexual trauma<\/a>\u00a0often block out their recollections of a traumatic event by practicing emotional avoidance.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-9\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-16\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Avoidant coping strategies can include the maladaptive use of drugs, alcohol, and emotional eating to shut down and avoid thoughts or feelings related to personal trauma.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-8\">5<\/span><span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-7\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-18\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">Intrusive Memories<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-19\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Intrusive symptoms are a hallmark of PTSD and typically take the form of intrusive memory experiences (IMEs) or nightmares. For people with PTSD, the intrusion of unwanted memories is usually out of their control. Intrusive memories are often triggered by sensory stimulation, such as a smell or the sights and sounds associated with being back in the location where trauma occurred.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-16\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-21\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">For example, if someone had a life-threatening accident on July 4th, all the smells and sounds associated with Fourth of July festivities, such as barbecue smoke, lighter-fluid fumes, and exploding fireworks, could trigger IMEs.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-23\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">First responders who treat accidental\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/fentanyl-and-surgery-dosage-risks-and-side-effects-3156909\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">fentanyl<\/a>\u00a0overdoses and must administer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/how-to-use-narcan-nasal-spray-7373509\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"2\">Narcan<\/a>\u00a0(naloxone), a lifesaving medication that can reverse an opioid overdose, commonly develop intrusion-related PTSD symptoms. These symptoms are triggered by stimuli like locations or smells related to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/opioid-abuse-5216334\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"3\">opioid<\/a>\u00a0overdoses they&#8217;ve witnessed.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-3\">8<\/span>\u00a0Repetitive exposure to trauma, such as this, can cause a subtype of PTSD called complex post-traumatic stress disorder (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/complex-ptsd-5094628#:~:text=C-PTSD\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"4\">C-PTSD<\/a>).<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-4\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-25\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">Mood Swings<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-26\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Individuals with PTSD often experience mood swings and have difficulty regulating their emotions. They may struggle with negative thoughts about themselves and the world they live in, leading to a sense of fear and estrangement from others. This can greatly decrease their willingness to engage in activities.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-28\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Additionally, people with PTSD may exhibit heightened emotional reactivity. This can result in irritability, angry outbursts, reckless behavior, and being easily startled.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-17\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-30\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">Behavioral Changes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-31\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Behavior changes associated with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/chronic-stress-5224663\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">chronic stress<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/anxiety-symptoms-5086955\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"2\">anxiety<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/clinical-depression-7643137\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"3\">depression<\/a>, and fear often go hand in hand with PTSD. People may avoid specific trauma-related stimuli that might trigger flashbacks, such as fireworks reminding them of explosions. People with PTSD can be in a constant state of high alert that disrupts daily life and sleep patterns.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-10\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-33\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Not being able to unwind can lead to behavioral changes associated with PTSD, such as not wanting to hang out with friends and family (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-antisocial-personality-disorder-aspd-5207370\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">antisocial behavior<\/a>)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-antisocial-personality-disorder-aspd-5207370\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"internalLink\" data-ordinal=\"2\">,<\/a>\u00a0not being able to have fun during leisure time, and or losing interest in hobbies or other once-enjoyed activities.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-11\">12<\/span>\u00a0PTSD is also linked to risky behavior, such as thrill-seeking or unsafe sex.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-12\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-35\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">PTSD Symptoms Can Vary in Intensity<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-36\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">PTSD symptoms often vary in intensity over time. Some people who are exposed to trauma don&#8217;t have any signs or symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder for years, but then, one day, they suddenly experience intense PTSD symptoms. This reaction is called delayed-onset PTSD or delayed expression PTSD.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-14\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-38\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Oftentimes, in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event, there&#8217;s an initial sense of relief and gratefulness to still be alive. However, over time, PTSD symptoms of varying intensities can gradually arise when vivid flashbacks are triggered. A person with delayed-onset PTSD experiences intense feelings as though they&#8217;re living through the trauma all over again.<span class=\"mntl-inline-citation mntl-dynamic-tooltip--trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" data-id=\"#citation-15\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-40\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">When to Get Emergency Help<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-41\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Get emergency help if PTSD symptoms cause you to think about hurting yourself. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide or self-harm, call or text\u00a0<strong>988<\/strong>\u00a0for the\u00a0<a class=\"pseudoStyle\" href=\"https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/chat\/?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=onebox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\">Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline<\/a>. If it&#8217;s a life-threatening emergency, call\u00a0<strong>911\u00a0<\/strong>immediately.<\/p>\n<div id=\"health-sc-block-callout--takeaway_1-0\" class=\"comp theme-takeaway health-sc-block-callout--takeaway health-sc-block-callout-base mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block\" data-tracking-id=\"mntl-sc-block-callout\" data-tracking-container=\"true\">\n<h3 id=\"mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block\">In Crisis? Call or Text 988<\/h3>\n<div id=\"mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0\" class=\"comp expert-content takeaway mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block\">\n<p>Free help is available 24 hours a day at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/988lifeline.org\/chat\/?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=onebox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-component=\"link\" data-source=\"inlineLink\" data-type=\"externalLink\" data-ordinal=\"1\"><strong>988 Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in English or Spanish for anyone having a mental health crisis or experiencing suicidal thoughts. You can communicate anonymously with a trained crisis expert at the lifeline any time, day or night, via text message, online chat, or by phone.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-44\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block health-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading\"><span class=\"mntl-sc-block-heading__text\">Summary<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-45\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">Post-traumatic stress disorder can occur in anyone who witnesses or lives through a tragic event or series of events. Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD and its symptoms, which include avoiding places or thoughts that trigger flashbacks and experiencing unpredictable mood swings.<\/p>\n<p id=\"mntl-sc-block_1-0-47\" class=\"comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html\">PTSD sometimes doesn\u2019t surface until years after a traumatic event. If signs of PTSD, such as avoidance, intrusive memories, mood swings, or behavioral changes, have recently emerged and are disrupting your daily life, speak to a healthcare provider or mental health professional. If you&#8217;re in crisis and thinking about hurting yourself, call or text 988. In emergencies, call 911.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stress.org\">The American Institute of Stress<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/signs-of-ptsd-8426275\">Original post-Verywell\u00a0Health<\/a><\/p>\n<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/christopher-bergland-5214049\">Christopher Bergland<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/woman-looking-at-sea-while-sitting-on-beach-247314\/\">Photo by Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people after they&#8217;ve witnessed or experienced a tragic event. Signs of PTSD include\u00a0avoidance\u00a0of flashback-inducing triggers, intrusive\u00a0memories\u00a0that disrupt daily life or sleep patterns, unpredictable\u00a0mood [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false},"categories":[139],"tags":[136,137,138,236,143,240,155,165],"class_list":["post-85269","news","type-news","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daily-life-blog","tag-ais","tag-american-institute-of-stress","tag-anxiety","tag-combat-stress","tag-mental-health","tag-ptsd","tag-research","tag-stress-relief","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Are the Signs of PTSD? 4 Ways to Tell - The American Institute of Stress<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/news\/what-are-the-signs-of-ptsd-4-ways-to-tell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Are the Signs of PTSD? 4 Ways to Tell - The American Institute of Stress\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people after they&#8217;ve witnessed or experienced a tragic event. 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