{"id":73955,"date":"2023-03-27T08:19:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T13:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/?p=73955"},"modified":"2024-04-06T05:08:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T05:08:09","slug":"the-truth-about-the-internets-favorite-stress-hormone","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/news\/the-truth-about-the-internets-favorite-stress-hormone\/","title":{"rendered":"The Truth About the Internet\u2019s Favorite Stress Hormone"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Cortisol gets a bad rap, but it\u2019s not so clear-cut.<\/h2>\n<header class=\"css-wu9fv6 euiyums1\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-jl56qa e11si9ry2\" data-testid=\"placeholder\">\n<div class=\"css-tux0zj e11si9ry3\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-overlay\">\n<div class=\"css-1sprj33 e11si9ry1\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-captionblock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/03\/28\/well\/22Well-Cortisol\/22Well-Cortisol-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" data-sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 80vw, 100vw\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/03\/28\/well\/22Well-Cortisol\/22Well-Cortisol-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/03\/28\/well\/22Well-Cortisol\/22Well-Cortisol-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/03\/28\/well\/22Well-Cortisol\/22Well-Cortisol-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"An illustration with four panels showing a woman with short, black hair feeling similarly stressed by a variety of situations. Some are real threats to her life like an asteroid and a tiger on the loose, and others are existential dread while looking in the mirror and feeling anxious from getting an email notification. \" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-bsn42l\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"css-1u46b97 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Credit&#8230;<\/span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Leon Edler<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-d994kc e11si9ry4\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-103l8m3\">\n<div class=\"css-1u5onbp epjyd6m1\">\n<div class=\"css-233int epjyd6m0\">\n<p class=\"css-4anu6l e1jsehar1\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"reading-time-module\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div id=\"NYT_ABOVE_MAIN_CONTENT_REGION\" data-testid=\"region\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-1lpvp6o\">\n<div class=\"css-le223v\">\n<div class=\"css-1ibyhwt\">\n<div class=\"css-azx95j\">\n<div class=\"css-13brihr\">Maybe you can\u2019t sleep. Or you sleep too much. Maybe you keep breaking out, or getting sick. Perhaps your stomach bloats, your skin sags, you feel shaky. Maybe you can\u2019t focus, eat or get rid of the tension in your spine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">If you\u2019ve\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@_whitneygoodman\/video\/7185377563320093994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scrolled through<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@audrey_fit\/video\/7195224405973208363https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@nadineanewton\/video\/7153390195826593067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TikTok<\/a>\u00a0lately, you might be inclined to blame one or all of these things on your cortisol levels. Over the last year or so, users have flooded the app with stories about how their supposed cortisol imbalances have led to a range of health concerns \u2014 and have recommended that viewers look into their own cortisol levels.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Cortisol, sometimes known as the\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22187-cortisol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stress hormone<\/a>, is a chemical that helps regulate the way our bodies react to stress. \u201cIt\u2019s a hormone that connects the mind and the body together,\u201d said Martin Picard, an associate\u00a0professor of behavioral medicine at Columbia University. Nearly every organ has a receptor that responds to cortisol. It is crucial in helping us function throughout the day, whether by regulating blood pressure or combating inflammation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That doesn\u2019t necessarily mean that cortisol imbalances are responsible for the various ailments that people are sharing on TikTok, said Nia Fogelman, an associate research scientist at the Yale Stress Center. \u201cI think it\u2019s completely natural and understandable why people want to A, figure out what\u2019s going on with their bodies, and B, to want some one thing that we can fix,\u201d she said. But it\u2019s not that simple.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<h2 id=\"link-3c59bb14\" class=\"css-kypbrf eoo0vm40\">What does cortisol do?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When we experience stress, the pea-size pituitary gland in the brain \u2014 sometimes called\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/the-pituitary-gland#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the master gland<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 signals to the adrenal glands perched atop the kidneys, prompting them to secrete and deliver cortisol into our bloodstream.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Our bodies release the chemical when we are faced with a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined, said Jeanette M. Bennett, a health psychologist who studies the effects of stress on health at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. We release cortisol when we encounter a tangible threat, like coming across a bear on a hike, but also when we receive an ominous work email. The more threatening we perceive an event to be, the more cortisol we typically produce. Researchers frequently use\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4253051\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public speaking<\/a> as a tool for studying cortisol levels, she added, since any situation in which we\u2019re being socially evaluated tends to produce a quick spike of cortisol.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><strong>\u201cThe mind and the body will respond as if we were in danger of dying, when actually what\u2019s happening is that our sense of self is being threatened,\u201d Dr. Picard said.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This is a gift from evolution: Cortisol helps us mobilize the energy we need to confront, or flee from, danger, partly by raising the amount of glucose in our blood. It also regulates our metabolism. Our levels fluctuate throughout the day, rising when we first wake up and falling as we drift off to sleep, said Dr. Gregory Fricchione, the associate chief of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and\u00a0a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><strong>\u201cCortisol is your friend,\u201d Dr. Fricchione said, \u201cuntil there\u2019s too much of it.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-40b76472\" class=\"css-kypbrf eoo0vm40\">What happens when you have high cortisol?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">We function best when we have the right balance of cortisol. \u201cOur bodies are this harmonic unit,\u201d Dr. Fogelman said. But chronic stress can elevate our baseline cortisol levels over time, leading to a cascade of consequences.<strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">\u00a0<\/strong>Persistently high cortisol levels may weaken the immune system, Dr. Fricchione said, as well as raise blood sugar levels and blood pressure. There\u2019s also an integral link between cortisol and sleep: We need the hormone level to decrease so that we can fully rest. People with high cortisol often struggle to fall and stay asleep, Dr. Fricchione said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\">\n<div id=\"c-col-editors-picks\" class=\"css-j64t31\">\n<article class=\"css-5raq8g\">\n<h2 class=\"css-1p08cbr\">The Truth About the Internet\u2019s Favorite Stress Hormone<\/h2>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Imbalances can also cause fatigue and irritability, Dr. Bennett said. \u201cThis is what\u2019s hard with cortisol,\u201d she said. \u201cBecause it\u2019s such an inherently important hormone to just daily function, outside of stress, any time that daily rhythm is thrown off, that\u2019s going to create behavioral problems.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some mental health conditions, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, are associated with cortisol imbalances, said Dr. Raza Sagarwala, a resident physician in the department of psychiatry at Vanderbilt University Medical Center who has\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29697709\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studied<\/a>\u00a0the effects of non-pharmacological treatments on cortisol levels.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In rare cases, people who develop excessive amounts of cortisol can exhibit a cluster of symptoms known as Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Those with Cushing\u2019s syndrome may develop a hump of fat on the back of their necks; some people gain weight, feel fatigue and have trouble sleeping. Some bruise easily, and their blood sugar and blood pressure levels may also rise. People with the condition may require medication or surgery, but they first\u00a0need to be diagnosed by a doctor, said Dr. Pratibha P.R. Rao, the medical director of the Adrenal Center at the Cleveland Clinic.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Without testing cortisol levels\u00a0and consulting a physician, it\u2019s almost impossible to determine whether something like acne or poor sleep is definitively linked to hormone imbalances \u2014 and cortisol may just be a convenient culprit that people can point to when they don\u2019t have any other clear explanations for their health concerns. \u201cWhen people say they have elevated cortisol \u2014 I would tell you, you cannot feel that,\u201d Dr. Bennett said. But if people are truly worried about their cortisol levels, experts said, they can talk to their primary care doctors about getting tested.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-32b06b4c\" class=\"css-kypbrf eoo0vm40\">Can you measure your cortisol?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">You can use blood or saliva to test your cortisol levels at a particular moment, but a one-time snapshot isn\u2019t likely to be particularly useful, Dr. Picard said, because cortisol levels change throughout the day.<strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">\u00a0<\/strong>Urine or hair samples can reveal cortisol levels over a longer period of time, although hair samples are primarily used in research settings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some companies offer at-home cortisol tests, which typically involve finger pricks or saliva swabs. But experts instead recommend talking to a primary care doctor, who may refer you to an endocrinologist. \u201cI\u2019m not one for all this home kit testing,\u201d Dr. Rao said. \u201cMy advice is, don\u2019t test in that way.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">One reason for the caution is that physicians try to obtain a comprehensive picture of how your cortisol levels ebb and flow before determining whether there may be any issues, said Dr. Mihail Zilbermint, an associate professor of clinical medicine specializing in endocrinology at Johns Hopkins Medicine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s not hard to test cortisol levels, but it\u2019s not easy to interpret,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-3f239986\" class=\"css-kypbrf eoo0vm40\">Can you lower your cortisol levels?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some small studies have suggested that yoga and mindfulness interventions like meditation may help lower cortisol levels, Dr. Sagarwala said, adding that even setting aside five minutes a day to relax and reset the mind might be beneficial. He recommended the \u201cfive senses\u201d exercise, which can ground you in a moment of stress: List five things you can see, four things you can touch, three things you can hear, two things you can smell and one thing you can taste.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Exercise can also be helpful for regulating cortisol, Dr. Bennett said, especially moderate physical activity like jogging or cycling. Those movements prompt your body to mirror your stress response, raising your heart rate and then lowering it once you stop working out. That cycle effectively trains our bodies to activate and shut down our stress response appropriately.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">People should identify the stress reduction methods that work best for them, Dr. Fogelman said. A few minutes of\u00a0<a class=\"css-yywogo\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2023\/03\/03\/well\/mind\/breathing-exercises.html\">box breathing,<\/a>\u00a0for example, might soothe one person but not another. Once you find a strategy\u00a0for\u00a0alleviating stress, your cortisol levels can potentially become more stable, she added; this is true even for people who have been exposed to intense, long-term stress.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cStress is not a bad word,\u201d Dr. Fricchione said. \u201cJust being a living organism means that there\u2019s going to be stress.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"bottom-of-article\">\n<div class=\"css-1jp38cr\">\n<div class=\"css-1lw3v26 e1e7j8ap0\">\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/dani-blum\">By Dani Blum<\/a> is a reporter for Well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"toolbar\" data-testid=\"share-tools\" aria-label=\"Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<section id=\"styln-guide\" class=\"css-1vvmnpl\" role=\"complementary\" aria-labelledby=\"styln-guide-title\">Original post <a class=\"css-jq1cx6\" href=\"https:\/\/help.nytimes.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/115014792127-Copyright-notice\">\u00a0The New York Times Company<\/a><\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cortisol gets a bad rap, but it\u2019s not so clear-cut. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Credit&#8230;Leon Edler [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":73957,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false},"categories":[139],"tags":[136,137,267,141,143,145,155,120,147,165,151],"class_list":["post-73955","news","type-news","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-life-blog","tag-ais","tag-american-institute-of-stress","tag-contentment","tag-health","tag-mental-health","tag-relaxation","tag-research","tag-stress","tag-stress-management","tag-stress-relief","tag-workplace-stress","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - 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